Since this heating is most effective near the ground, the temperature in the troposphere gradually decreases with increasing altitude until the tropopause is reached. This is the beginning of the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, the temperature remains isothermal until about 20 km. Then a strange thing happens--the temperature actually begins to increase with altitude.
From a temperature of about The reason for this temperature fluctuation is that ozone absorbs the uvb radiation in the lower atmosphere. Higher in the atmosphere, however, normal diatomic oxygen absorbs the uvc radiation.
Once it is absorbed, it is reradiated at different wavelengths, thereby warming the stratosphere. At the top of the stratosphere about 50 km, the stratopause , the temperature begins to decrease again as the altitude increases. Above the stratopause, in the mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere harmful gamma rays and X-rays are absorbed. The circulation of the atmosphere is very complex and has many causative factors.
The amount of solar radiation reaching the ground varies due to latitude, time of year, and cloud cover. Specific heat capacities for different surface materials vary greatly. Additionally, the Coriolis force , which results from the rotation of Earth, influences the movement of air.
The net effect of these factors is the transporting of ozone from the tropics, where most ozone is formed, to the mid and higher latitudes. Of course, because of variations around Earth, the ozone movement is not uniform, and at a given latitude, there will be variations in concentrations. This phenomenon is familiar to everyone--stick your finger on the valve of a car tire, and let some air escape. It is not cool inside the tire, but as the air comes out it expands and thus cools.
Michael Tinnesand, associate director for academic programs at the American Chemical Society, provides the following explanation: The basic answer is that the farther away you get from the earth, the thinner the atmosphere gets. The total heat content of a system is directly related to the amount of matter present, so it is cooler at higher elevations. The heating of the earth itself also plays a role. The planet is warmed by incoming solar energy.
Some of this heat bounces off the atmosphere and never reaches the lower atmosphere, and some is re-radiated back to space. In addition, the atmosphere acts like a greenhouse to reflect some of the heat back toward the earth's surface. At higher altitudes it is relatively harder to retain this energy as more heat is lost to space.
In the stratosphere, temperature increases with altitude. Temperature increases as you gain altitude in the stratosphere and the thermosphere. Temperature decreases as you gain altitude in the troposphere and mesosphere.
As you increase in elevation, there is less air above you thus the pressure decreases. As the pressure decreases, air molecules spread out further i. As elevation increases, the atmospheric pressure decreases, or becomes thinner. The atmosphere becomes drier and liquids evaporate more rapidly, resulting in the need for changes in cooking methods. Boiling or simmering foods at high altitude means lower temperatures and longer cooking times.
Pressure with Height: pressure decreases with increasing altitude. The pressure at any level in the atmosphere may be interpreted as the total weight of the air above a unit area at any elevation. At higher elevations, there are fewer air molecules above a given surface than a similar surface at lower levels. When the carbon dioxide concentration goes up, temperature goes up. When the carbon dioxide concentration goes down, temperature goes down.
At typical pressures and temperatures that exist in the ocean, pure CO2 would be a gas above approximately m and a liquid below that depth.
Between about and m depth, liquid CO2 is lighter than sea water. Deeper than m, CO2 is denser than sea water.
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