Home Testing Expand child menu Expand. SAP Expand child menu Expand. Web Expand child menu Expand. Must Learn Expand child menu Expand. Big Data Expand child menu Expand. Live Project Expand child menu Expand. AI Expand child menu Expand. Toggle Menu Close. Search for: Search. So what can be the reason? As a side question, this build file will not work on an environment with different junit version the path will break.
Is it possible to add a "general" path to junit. The JUnit library resides wherever you tell it to reside. Personally, I would forget entirely about linking against the jar files shipped with Eclipse and instead download the jars directly. Trying to reference an arbitrary location on your machine is fragile remember, Eclipse could be installed anywhere , particularly when using relative paths since your project contents could also be stored anywhere.
You can always symlink your jar to another location if you are on linux. This way you could symlink it to a path that does not include the version. For example:. You may want to have a libraries folder outside of the eclipse subdirectories.
You could also consider using ivy or maven to manage your dependencies. I'm not sure why your above example fails, but the error message implies that junit. Are you sure that eclipse. You could echo it with:. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group.
Create a free Team What is Teams? This kind of test is especially useful if you have multiple constructors:. Add the optional expected attribute to the Test annotation. Declare the exception in the throws clause of the test method and don't catch the exception within the test method.
Uncaught exceptions will cause the test to fail with an error. Refer to "Where should I put my test files? Testing private methods may be an indication that those methods should be moved into another class to promote reusability. If you are using JDK 1. For details on how to use it, read this article.
For details on how to use it, see this test script. Reporting multiple failures in a single test is generally a sign that the test does too much, compared to what a unit test ought to do. JUnit is designed to work best with a number of small tests. It executes each test within a separate instance of the test class.
It reports failure on each test. Shared setup code is most natural when sharing between tests. This is a design decision that permeates JUnit, and when you decide to report multiple failures per test, you begin to fight against JUnit. This is not recommended. Long tests are a design smell and indicate the likelihood of a design problem. Kent Beck is fond of saying in this case that "there is an opportunity to learn something about your design.
Finally, note that a single test with multiple assertions is isomorphic to a test case with multiple tests:. The resulting tests use JUnit's natural execution and reporting mechanism and, failure in one test does not affect the execution of the other tests.
You generally want exactly one test to fail for any given bug, if you can manage it. JUnit 3. JUnit 4 is compatible with the assert keyword. Refactoring J2EE components to delegate functionality to other objects that don't have to be run in a J2EE container will improve the design and testability of the software. Cactus is an open source JUnit extension that can be used to test J2EE components in their natural environment.
It is a convention to start with one test class per class under test, but it is not necessary. Test classes only provide a way to organize tests, nothing more. Generally you will start with one test class per class under test, but then you may find that a small group of tests belong together with their own common test fixture.
This is a simple object-oriented refactoring: separating responsibilities of an object that does too much. Another point to consider is that the TestSuite is the smallest execution unit in JUnit: you cannot execute anything smaller than a TestSuite at one time without changing source code. In this case, you probably do not want to put tests in the same test class unless they somehow "belong together".
If you have two groups of tests that you think you'd like to execute separately from one another, it is wise to place them in separate test classes.
Generally they are implemented as instance variables in the test class. The following templates are a good starting point. By design, the tree of Test instances is built in one pass, then the tests are executed in a second pass.
The test runner holds strong references to all Test instances for the duration of the test execution. This means that for a very long test run with many Test instances, none of the tests may be garbage collected until the end of the entire test run. Therefore, if you allocate external or limited resources in a test, you are responsible for freeing those resources.
Explicitly setting an object to null in the tearDown method, for example, allows it to be garbage collected before the end of the entire test run. You can place your tests in the same package and directory as the classes under test. While adequate for small projects, many developers feel that this approach clutters the source directory, and makes it hard to package up client deliverables without also including unwanted test code, or writing unnecessarily complex packaging tasks.
An arguably better way is to place the tests in a separate parallel directory structure with package alignment. These approaches allow the tests to access to all the public and package visible methods of the classes under test.
Some developers have argued in favor of putting the tests in a sub-package of the classes under test e. The author of this FAQ sees no clear advantage to adopting this approach and believes that said developers also put their curly braces on the wrong line.
The desire to do this is usually a symptom of excessive coupling in your design. If two or more tests must share the same test fixture state, then the tests may be trying to tell you that the classes under test have some undesirable dependencies.
Refactoring the design to further decouple the classes under test and eliminate code duplication is usually a better investment than setting up a shared test fixture. You can add a BeforeClass annotation to a method to be run before all the tests in a class, and a AfterClass annotation to a method to be run after all the tests in a class. Here's an example:. Also consider running WhichJunit to print the absolute location of the JUnit class files required to run and test JUnit and its samples.
Refer to the JUnit Ant Task for more information. Ensure that Ant's optional. If the number of parameters on the command line gets unwieldy, pass in the location of a property file that defines a set of parameters. The workaround as of JUnit 3. It's just a matter of time before this fix becomes incorporated into the released version of JUnit's excluded. It will be just like excluding org.
By the way, if you download the JUnit source from its Sourceforge CVS, you will find that these patterns have already been added to the default excluded. In fact, here is the current version in CVS, which demonstrates how to add exclusions to the list too:.
This is the most common case where the default excluded. JAXP is an unusual case because it is a standard Java extension library dependent on classes whose package names org. This is similar to the relationship between javax.
But then the system loader, in the process of initializing and loading that JAXP class, links and loads up a bunch of org. When it does so, the JUnit custom classloader is not involved at all because the system classloader never delegates "down" or checks with custom classloaders to see if a class is already loaded.
At any point after this, if the JUnit loader is asked to load an org. That's when a LinkageError occurs. This is really a flaw in the JUnit classloader design, but there is the workaround given above.
Java 2 JVMs keep classes remember, classes and objects, though related, are different entities to the JVM - I'm talking about classes here, not object instances in namespaces, identifying them by their fully qualified classname plus the instance of their defining not initiating loader.
The JVM will attempt to assign all unloaded classes referenced by an already defined and loaded class to that class's defining loader. The JVM's classresolver routine implemented as a C function in the JVM source code keeps track of all these class loading events and "sees" if another classloader such as the JUnit custom loader attempts to define a class that has already been defined by the system loader. According to the rules of Java 2 loader constraints, in case a class has already been defined by the system loader, any attempts to load a class should first be delegated to the system loader.
And then the JUnit custom classloader could follow the standard Java 2 delegation model, which is to always delegate class loading to the system loader, and only attempt to load if that fails.
Since they both load from the CLASSPATH in the current model, if the JUnit loader delegated like it's supposed to, it would never get to load any classes since the system loader would always find them. You could try to hack around this in the JUnit source by catching the LinkageError in TestCaseClassLoader's loadClass method and then making a recovery call to findSystemClass -- thereby delegating to the system loader after the violation has been caught.
But this hack only works some of the time, because now you can have the reverse problem where the JUnit loader will load a host of org. Inevitably, if your test cases use many JAXP and related XML classes, one or the other classloader will end up violating the constraints whatever you do.
The debug option for the Java compiler must be enabled in order to see source file and line number information in a stack trace. When invoking the Java compiler from the command line, use the -g option to generate all debugging info. Compiling the test source with debug enabled will show the line where the assertion failed. Compiling the non-test source with debug enabled will show the line where an exception was raised in the class under test.
Have your test classes implement an interface and write a treewalker to load each class in a directory, inspect the class, and add any classes that implement the interface to a TestSuite.
You might only want to do this if you are very uncomfortable with using a naming convention for test classes. Aside from being slow for larger suites, ultimately it's arguable whether it's more effort to follow a naming convention that have test classes implement an interface!
Tests should be written before the code. Test-first programming is practiced by only writing new code when an automated test is failing. Good tests tell you how to best design the system for its intended use. They effectively communicate in an executable format how to use the software. They also prevent tendencies to over-build the system based on speculation.
When all the tests pass, you know you're done!
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