Cromwell would lead a subsequent military campaign against the Scots, including a decisive victory at the Scottish city of Dundee. With the Scots defeated, Parliament re-formed in Cromwell sought to push the legislative body to call for new elections and establish a united government over England, Scotland and Ireland. When some opposed, Cromwell forcibly disbanded Parliament. Several months later, following various attempts to establish a government, John Lambert, himself a key Parliamentary general during the English Civil Wars, drafted a new constitution, effectively making Cromwell Lord Protector for life.
The so-called Second Protectorate Parliament, instated in , offered to make Cromwell king. However, given that he had fought so hard to abolish the monarchy, he refused the post, and was ceremoniously appointed Lord Protector for a second time. Cromwell died from kidney disease or a urinary tract infection in at age 59 while still serving as Lord Protector.
His son Richard Cromwell assumed the post, but was forced to resign due to a lack of support within Parliament or the military. In the leadership vacuum that ensued, George Monck assumed control of the New Model Army and spearheaded the formation of a new Parliament, which proceeded to pass constitutional reforms that re-established the monarchy.
In , Charles II, who had been living in exile, returned to England to assume the throne, thereby beginning the English Restoration.
His head was displayed atop a pole outside Westminster Hall for more than 20 years. Reviews in History. Mulraney, Frances. Oliver Cromwell, BBC. Headless story. The Economist. Oliver Cromwell and Family. Westminster Abbey. He thought that Parliamentary leaders did not do enough to try to defeat Charles I. Cromwell became the leader of England in by leading the New Model Army.
This included opponents that held different opinions about the type and degree of changes they wanted but they all agreed that Charles needed to change policies or go. In Charles I betrayed them starting the Second Civil War and they resolved to 'bring him to account'. There are a number of reasons why he is significant and is worthy of study today:.
For differing on views on why different historians think Cromwell is significant, have a look at the Cromwell Association website. You can also get a flavour of Cromwell's life, career and significance through this video with our Curator:.
Cromwell at the Battle of Naseby, Early 19th century painting by Abraham Cooper. Home Cromwell Significance. Read on for the true if rather gory! It is a common myth that Cromwell personally abolished Christmas. The ancient city of Ely occupies the largest island in the Fens. Hidden away in Holborn, this small public square has a very intriguing history.
It has been the scene of a…. Military and Political Leader The summer of saw the outbreak of the first English Civil War between the Royalists, the supporters of King Charles I who claimed that the King should have absolute power as his divine right as king, and the Parliamentarians who favoured a constitutional monarchy and later the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords completely.
Related articles. Bits and Pieces. A Puritan Christmas under Cromwell. Ely, Cambridgeshire.
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