International shipping transports more than 80 per cent of global trade to peoples and communities all over the world. Shipping is the most efficient and cost-effective method of international transportation for most goods; it provides a dependable, low-cost means of transporting goods globally, facilitating commerce and helping to create prosperity among nations and peoples. The world relies on a safe, secure and efficient international shipping industry — and this is provided by the regulatory framework developed and maintained by IMO.
IMO measures cover all aspects of international shipping — including ship design, construction, equipment, manning, operation and disposal — to ensure that this vital sector for remains safe, environmentally sound, energy efficient and secure. Shipping is an essential component of any programme for future sustainable economic growth. These recommendations are generally intended to supplement or assist the implementation of the relevant provisions of the conventions and, in some cases, the principal codes, guidelines, etc.
In appropriate cases, the recommendations may incorporate further requirements, which have been found to be useful or necessary in the light of experience gained in the application of the previous provisions. In other cases, the recommendations clarify various questions, which arise in connection with specific measures and thereby ensure their uniform interpretation and application in all countries. Other important recommendations have dealt with such matters as traffic separation schemes which separate ships moving in opposite directions by creating a central prohibited area ; the adoption of technical manuals such as the Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary, the IMO Search and Rescue Manual and the IMO Manual on Oil Pollution; crew training; performance standards for shipborne equipment; and many other matters.
There are also guidelines to help the implementation of particular conventions and instruments. The provisions of recommendations are sometimes incorporated into amendments to the relevant conventions. Recommendations enable provisions or requirements to be suggested relatively quickly to Governments for consideration and action. It is also easier for Governments to act on such matters than in respect of provisions in formal treaty instruments, which involve international legal obligations.
This Convention, now called the London Convention, was adopted in at a conference held under the auspices of the United Kingdom. It entered into force in The Convention controls and regulates on a global level the disposal at sea of wastes and other material of any kind including ships and platforms.
The disposal of certain substances which from the environmental point of view are known to be particularly harmful such as organ halogen compounds, mercury, cadmium, plastics, mineral oils and radioactive wastes is prohibited. The Convention also contains specific regulations concerning the dumping of several other materials, which may present a risk to the marine environment and human health.
In addition, it bans the incineration of wastes on board ships. The International Maritime Organisation works through a number of specialist committees and sub-committees. All these bodies are composed of representatives of Member States who discharge their functions with the assistance and advice of appropriate bodies of the United Nations or the specialised agencies, as well as international governmental and non-governmental organisations with which formal relationships have been established.
Formal arrangements for co-operation have been established with more than 30 intergovernmental organisations, while nearly 50 non-governmental, international organisations have been granted consultative status to participate in the work of various bodies in an observer capacity.
These organisations represent a wide spectrum of maritime, legal and environmental interests and they contribute to the work of the various organs and committees through the provision of information, documentation and expert advice. However, none of these organisations has a vote. The Organization itself has no powers to enforce conventions. Therefore, IMO does not implement any Conventions.
Contracting Governments enforce the provisions of the IMO conventions as far as their own ships are concerned and also set the penalties for infringements, where these are applicable. They may also have certain limited powers in respect of the ships of other Governments. In some conventions, certificates are required to be carried onboard ship to show that they have been inspected and have met required standards.
These certificates are normally accepted as a proof by authorities from other States. When an offence occurs in international waters, the responsibility for imposing a penalty rests with the flag State. Should an offence occur within the jurisdiction of another State, however, that State can either cause proceedings to be taken in accordance with its own law or give details of the offence to the flag State so that the latter can take appropriate action.
Under the terms of the Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas, Contracting States are empowered to act against ships of other countries that have been involved in an accident or have been damaged on the high seas if there is a grave risk of oil pollution occurring as a result that would reach their waters. The way in which these powers may be used arc very carefully defined, and in most conventions the flag State is primarily responsible for enforcing conventions as far as its own ships and their personnel are concerned.
Over the years, IMO has continually evolved to meet changing conditions and requirements. In its early days, it concentrated on formulating international conventions and codes.
Today, however, IMO is just as concerned to ensure that the conventions, codes and other instruments already adopted are effectively enforced and implemented.
There is significant evidence that IMO measures have already proved beneficial in many areas. Oil pollution of the sea, for example, is less of a threat now than it was 30 years ago and the number of collisions between ships has been greatly reduced in areas where IMO-approved traffic separation schemes have been introduced.
The fleets of the traditional maritime countries — which tend to have good safety records — have declined, while many of the flags that are growing most rapidly have relatively poor records. As a result, nobody can afford to be complacent and IMO is concentrating not only on better implementation but also on improving such factors as management and training.
All the evidence shows that most accidents happen because people do not obey the regulations, not because the regulations are themselves defective.
What is a Protocol, e. A treaty instrument which makes major modifications to a Convention which has been adopted but is not yet in force.
Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. The International Maritime Organization IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for measures to improve the safety and security of international shipping and to prevent marine pollution from ships.
The IMO sets standards for the safety and security of international shipping. It oversees every aspect of worldwide shipping regulations, including legal issues and shipping efficiency.
The International Maritime Organization's objectives can be best summed up by its slogan—"Safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean oceans. The IMO is also involved in legal issues matters pertaining to international shipping, such as liability and compensation matters, and the facilitation of international maritime traffic.
The IMO's governing body, which is the Assembly that is made up of all member states, generally meets every two years. The Assembly addresses items such as council elections, deciding upon the work program, and looking at the budget. To break down the workload and to ensure each area of concern of the IMO is getting the attention it deserves, there are five committees tasked with making policies and developing, going over, and overhauling rules and guidelines.
Furthermore, there are seven sub-committees working under these committees. The first draft of it was adopted in following the sinking of the Titanic, before the creation of the IMO. It's important to note that the IMO does not implement or enforce policy, in any way. The IMO was created to adopt policy , not enforce it. When governments accept an IMO convention, it agrees to make those policies national law and to enforce those laws.
The IMO did develop an audit program that made audits required, effective as of January However, there is no countermeasure available to the UN if the country is not enforcing the policies set by the IMO.
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