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Westward Expansion. Early US. Cold War. American Revolution. World War I. Latin American states had already achieved independence in the nineteenth century. In , the episcopal conferences of Latin America joined together to form an episcopal conference for the entire region, known by its acronym Celam. At Vatican II, the bishops of Celam demonstrated effective organisation and cohesion. Only a few bishops who received in an invitation from the Holy See to recommend topics for Vatican II to consider had received in a letter from Pope Pius XI canvassing opinions about the suitability of holding a church council in Although 90 per cent of the more than 1, respondents favoured a council, Pope Pius abandoned the idea in Ruffini had the support of an assessor at the Holy Office, Mgr Alfredo Ottaviani, who became a cardinal in Other members joined the committee in , when it became a central commission whose ultimate goal would have been to coordinate the work of several commissions in preparation for a council.
The commission developed a series of themes that a council should address. It proposed the condemnation of many modern errors, such as existentialism and ecumenism. Some themes anticipated important commitments embraced at Vatican II, such as a vernacular liturgy, the formation of priests, the lay apostolate and Catholic education.
One of the committee members drafted his own ideas for conciliar business. Sebastiaan Tromp, a Dutch Jesuit theologian, in a presentation in July to the cardinals of the Holy Office, wondered, among other things, whether it would be advisable to ordain permanent deacons free of the obligation of celibacy. Although the central commission met for the last time in and Pius XII decided against holding a council, the flirting with the idea of a council is historically significant. The promulgation of papal infallibility in at Vatican I, a possible argument against the need for any further councils, did not deter two popes and their closest collaborators from pondering the need of a such a gathering.
For them the death of Jesus was part of a divine plan to save humanity. The death and resurrection of this one man is at the very heart of the Christian faith. This is known as the Atonement. Peter told us in Acts that repenting and being baptized is for the remission of sins. For the remission of sins means they repented and were baptized so that they could be forgiven of their sins. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search.
Press ESC to cancel. Ben Davis May 29, What were the changes after Vatican 2? Did Vatican II ruin the church? Why did so many nuns leave after Vatican II? What is the difference between Vatican 1 and Vatican 2? Why did Vatican 2 happen? What is pre Vatican II Catholicism? Which Catholic group does not recognize the Pope? What are the 16 documents of Vatican 2? What Happened at Vatican II? Was Vatican II infallible?
What did Vatican 1 do?
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